Hypocrisy of Imperialism in The Heart of Darkness by...

The Heart of Hypocrisy The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a frame narrative which creates a clear and organized structure. This structure helps emphasize upon the hypocrisy of imperialism in the novel and Marlow’s journey to discovering his true identity. The orderly and systematic nature of the structure corresponds with the Company in the novel and how it seems so structured on the outside while their mission is actually extremely chaotic underneath as displayed by Kurtz. The cyclical structure of the novel outlines Marlow’s journey in finding himself and his true identity. As the chaos of the journey is uncovered, Marlow delves deeper and deeper into uncertainty regarding the things going on around him in his life. Marlow tells a story of his first trip to Africa on a steamboat with a company that gathers ivory. The real adventure begins as he goes on a journey to the Congo to find a man known as Kurtz, who he has a weird obsession with upon hearing about him. Like the framing device of the novel, the idea of the Company and trading of ivory seems structured from an outside point of view. The Company appeases their journey by calling it â€Å"economic trade† and â€Å"civilization† for the savage. But through the journey, Marlow witnesses the cruelty of the Company. The structure’s underlying chaos and corruption gives rise to the hypocrisy of imperialism in the novel. The â€Å"economic trade† and â€Å"civilization† relates to the frame of the novel while Kurtz and the actualShow MoreRelatedThe Journey In â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† Spans Not Only The Capricious1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe journey in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† spans not only the capricious waters extending our physical world, but also the perplexing ocean which exists in the heart of man. Through Marlow s somewhat overenthusiastic eyes, we perceive the mystery that is humanity, and the blurred line between darkness and light. It is an expedition into the deepest crevices of the human heart and mind bringing on an awareness, and finally descending into the abyss of hell abiding in each of us. Conrad’s use of wordplayRead MoreShakespeare s Heart Of Darkness1424 Words   |  6 Pages Relevance of Heart of Darkness Alexander Spirovski LITR 211 Professor David Auchter â€Æ' Joseph Conrad s Heart of Darkness contains both relevant and irrelevant elements to today s society. Issues present in the text such as imperialism, racism, and moral ambiguity are still present today but their formats have changed enough in society that Heart of Darkness approaches obsolescence in perspective. Concurrently, the characters and theme presented in Heart of Darkness are scarce in fictionalRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1198 Words   |  5 Pages Joseph Conrad, in his novel Heart of Darkness, comments on the nature of imperialism, the individual psyche, and the evil inherent in the human condition. Chinua Achebe, a contemporary literary critic, argues that as the protagonist, Marlow, travels through the Congo, Conrad maintains a Western imperialist attitude towards the African natives. According to the novel, the natives are a sort of animalistic backdrop, a part of a landscape to merely house Kurtz and Marlow’s metaphysical battle. TheRead MoreAnalysi s Of Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1188 Words   |  5 PagesRomantic views, rather than a reaction. The Novella, â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad shows the transition from Romantic to Modernism, not as an opposing idea, but an evolution of it. From the start, we are presented with a rather Romantic introduction, stories of heroic adventures, of travellers going to new lands. These ideas of Imperialism and Colonialism are two massive Romantic ideals. Not only does Conrad point out the hypocrisy of Imperialism, but he also shatters the Romantic idea of the ‘HeroicRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Heart Of Darkness 1693 Words   |  7 PagesRead The Book Watch The Movie Essay - Heart of Darkness An arrow pierced the Helmsman’s chest and he fell to the deck. Captain Marlow hastily took the wheel. As he navigated the steamboat up the Congo River, his feet began to feel warm and sticky. He looked down and realized that his shoes were filled with the fallen helmsman’s blood. He quickly discarded his shoes, and in order to prevent the cannibal crew from eating the body, Marlow had to dump him overboard into the brown, foreboding water. ThisRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome corrupt themselves. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad relates to both the idea that an individual can become corrupt in a corrupt environment, and that some individuals can uphold their integrity in a corrupt situation. Both of these reactions can be seen in the main characters of Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and Marlow, in Kurtz’ becoming corrupt due to imperialism in the Congo, while still upholding some integrity, and in Marlow’s continuing integrity in spite of imperialism, while still losing someRead MoreDavid Hume And Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1863 Words   |  8 Pagesand oppose those that Joseph Conrad presents in Heart of Darkness; for when viewing Heart of Darkness through the lens of Hume’s philosophies, one can see the parallels between Conrad’s portrayal of exploring human nature and Hume’s notions of â€Å"impression,† his emphasis on empirical observation, and his proposed relationship between reason and passion that explored the origins of human knowledge. Concepts of Impressionism and the self are prevalent within David Hume and Joseph Conrad’s writings. OriginsRead More Heart of Darkness Essay2840 Words   |  12 Pages Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness does not explicitly deal with a struggle between war and peace: the conflict is a psychological, moral one; however, the text’s implications that society is a thin veil over our innate savagery, the darkness at the roots of Western civilization, reveals disturbing truths about the peaceful, orderly lives we take for granted. The key to understanding Conrad’s novella lies in ascertaining the metaphorical significance of the â€Å"heart of darkness,† a search which mayRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad2014 Words   |  9 PagesHeart of Darkness Joseph Conrad was born by the name Jozej Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski on Dec. 3, 1857. He was an English novelist and short story writer who wrote many titles to include Lord Jim, Nostromo, and The secret Agent. He was known for his richness of the use of prose and also using his encounters with living on the high seas. His reputation as a great story teller covers up his great fascination when people are faced with nature’s invaraiable unconcern, man’s frequent malevolence, and hisRead MoreAbuse of Power in Heart of Darkness and in Frankenstein1614 Words   |  7 Pageshave studied and will be exploring in this essay are Mary Shelly’s ‘Frankenstein’ and Joseph Conrad’s ‘Heart of Darkness’. In ‘Frankenstein’ the abuse of power is most clearly exhibited by the protagonist of the story Frankenstein himself, his abuse of power results in his isolation and could serve as a warning to people, telling them not to play with f orces that they can not control. In ‘Heart of Darkness’, Conrad abuses his power as the author to distance himself from the novella and in a sense absolve

Global Warming And Its Effects - 1642 Words

Navleen Kaur Kara-lee MacDonald English 100 June 10, 2015 Assignment # 5: Final research paper Global Warming: Global Warming is not a conqueror to kneel before- but a challenge to rise to. A challenge we must rise to. -Joe Lieberman The term Global warming is now commonly used to refer to the recent reported increase in the mean surface temperature of the earth; this increase being attributed to increasing human activity and in particular to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere†. (Khandekar et al., 1560). Researches influences both environmentalists and industry and wants to overcome the problems and negative effects of global warming. It increases the risk of skin cancer, reduces oxygen in air, reduces protection from UV rays and harms animals and plants. Myron Ebell thinks global warming and its effects are the result of melting ice caps and rising sea levels. James Hansen adds that global warming is harming the environment and its results are dangerous to the living world. He argues that humans are the root cause of global warming (Kriz et al., 1620). All of the scientific changes related to global warming, including water circulation, change in temperature, and the melting of ice is a debatable issue. Antarctica is a part of world where melting of ice is started due to high temperature and heat of sun directly coming from hole in atmosphere. Heat and high temperature melts the ice at large scale. This will disturb the habitat ofShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects985 Wor ds   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Science Professor Mahoney 11/11/14 Global Warming Over the last few decades global warming has become one of the biggest environmental issues of all times. Every year, global warming gets worse and it’s affecting the way people live, it is affecting the atmosphere in general, and other living organisms in our planet. Global warming is the gradual and increasing rise of the overall temperature of the Earth caused by the greenhouse effect due to the increased levels of carbon dioxide andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is directly causing the rise in temperature of the Earth. The melting of the polar ice caps causes some of the most pressing issues including the endangerment of species indigenous to this region and the rise of ocean levels. Global Warming Global warming is the steady rise of temperature of the Earth’s surface. What exactly causes global warming? Numerous sources fuel global warming, such as deforestation, permafrost, and even sunspots. Obviously, many factors contribute to thisRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1331 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is the causation of the Glaciers melting, sea levels rising, cloud forests drying, and wildlife struggles today. Humans are making this possible because of their release of heat-trapping gasses known as greenhouse gasses by their modern devices. Global warming is the abnormal speedy increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. It is believed that this is due to the greenhouse gasses that people release into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.The greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects976 Words   |  4 PagesAs global warming, we understand that is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. It has been an immense concerning all over the world for the past decades since the current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythms of climate that humans, animals and plants rely on. Scientists have studied the natural cycles and events that are known to influence the change in climate to discover what i s originating the current global warming. However, the amount and pattern ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1571 Words   |  7 PagesAs global issues today become increasingly controversial, many people are inclined to believe that Global Warming is an issue that can take a backseat to more significant issues that plague today’s society. The information presented throughout my research in regards to the rising sea levels and the melting of glaciers and ice shelves, highly indicates that it cannot. What many Americans fail to realize is that if sea levels continue to rise due to Global Warming, then more than half of LouisianaRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is one of the vigorously discussed topic on Earth today. According to a TechMedia Network, â€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to b e permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warming †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1432 Words   |  6 Pageshas an effect on climate change and contributes to global warming. Yet people tend to turn a blind eye to global warming and label it as a myth, whether they do not believe in it or it is not in their best financial interest to believe in it. Let us take a closer look at global warming and the effects it has on our people, homes and environments. Global Warming has become a rising problem in our world’s climate. It’s time we show the initiative to understand the concept of global warming and showRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects928 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1416 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming The earth is getting warmer, animals and their habitats are declining, human health is at risk and the cause of all this terror is Global Warming. Global warming will cause many parts of the world to change. In the next 50 years climate change could be the cause of more than a million terrestrial species becoming extinct. Sea levels will raise which means more flooding and is not good for the plants. With too much water the plants will die and herbivores will lose theirRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1312 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is presenting a lot of environmental and health problems to many countries. A lot of heat gets trapped on earth due to formation of a non-porous layer gases below the atmosphere. The worst effect is felt by developing countries, which are also geographically disadvantaged. The establishment of such countries is on low altitude areas. This position makes developing countries to be direct victims of floods from the melting snow at high altit ude areas. A lot of scientific research associates

The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere Free Essays

The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere Habermas developed the concept of the public sphere to mean that part of life, especially in social circles, where the population can exchange opinions on issues of significance to the common good, so as to form a public opinion. This public sphere is expressed when people gather together to debate issues that are with a political base. Habermas’ effort rely on a characteristic historical moment when coffee houses, salons, and societies became the place of discussions during the 17th and 18th centuries and extends this phenomenon to an ideal of participation in the public sphere for today (Mayhew, 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere or any similar topic only for you Order Now The significance of the notion of public sphere lies in the process of debate, which must be modeled to a critical and rational discussion. That is to say that the discussion has rules where emotive language is avoided and focus is laid on the rationality of the contents being debated. The contributors are supposed to have a common attention in truth with no status differentials. Criticism is one component that is considered vital in this process such that the propositions are tested and the contributors or participants can make discovery through the process (Mayhew, 1997). Properties of journalism/newspapers that allowed a public sphere to emerge The media has played a critical role in the emergence of the public sphere. To start with, the press has a wide reach which allows more public participation. Sine early times, the newspaper journalism highlighted political controversies and development. The development of the newspaper in the 17th century was seen as an emergence of a critical organ of a public involved in vital political debate. The recent media has developed to the extent of commodifying news. In addition, publishers in early time took sides with loyalist or patriots. The news brought more controversy and kept the public informed of the political happenings. The editors more often than not created a sphere for political discussions. Changes to journalistic field and the newspapers that present the greatest challenges to a democratic public sphere The emergence of the mass press is based on the commercialization of the participation of the masses in the public sphere. As a result, this ‘extended’ public sphere lost much of its original political touch giving way to entertainment and commercialism. The role of newspapers as a traditional media has become increasingly problematic in today’s democracy. The gap between the democracy ideology and its practice is so conspicuous. The mass communication is lacking credibility in furtherance of democratic ideals. Many theorists have pointed out that newspaper and other journalistic channels separate people from one another and substitute themselves for older places of politics The newspaper has become active participants in the political process through their role in publicity, instead of reporting on the process itself. Furthermore the newspaper has become fundamental to political life. Political participants are required to regularly update with the media’s requirement and plan their exposure actively; failure to do so they tend to fall quickly out of favor. Moreover, the lousy â€Å"media performers† assume the same failure. Public debates on television and the discussion columns in newspapers present little aspect of a critical-rational debate. (Thomson, 1995) Plebiscites, research in public opinion and opinion management do not provide a potential for democracy; they are adjunct to public administration rather than a true public discussion. That is they do not present a chance for discursive opinion formation. Manipulation of events is used to provide utmost televisual effects. Debates are modeled such that the extreme opinions clash in order to attain maximum impact and increase ratings. Elsewhere, there is little contribution in regard to the development of discursive public opinion or will. The choice of topics reflects the inclination to proprietal and commercial interests. Television programs that allow audience participation are directed to groups that are not significance for the public view. However, this admission does not guarantee any changes in the power structures within the society. So these programs provide just an illusion of involvement which arouses a feeling in the public that their democratic rights are exercised. As a result of the shifting communications environment, the public sphere is revealed as a platform for advertising. In the process, this realization has invaded the process of public opinion by methodically exploiting or creating news events that draw attention. Aspects of the current media system that present the greatest opportunity for the continuation or renewal of the public sphere The efforts to salvage the public sphere centre on making publicity a basis of logical consensus formation other than controlling popular opinion (Benson Neveu, 2005). Traditional media can add into democratic functions through action as an agent of representation. The media should be organized to tolerate different social groups to articulate their outlook. In addition, the media should aid organizations to get support through publicity of impending causes and protests. That is the media should help these organizations operate as representatives medium of the supporters view. Presently, the internet presents a great opportunity to many of the things aforementioned. It has the capacity to extend participative democracy in a revitalized public sphere. The structure of the internet eliminates control by the conglomerate media organization. Many more people have access to internet opportunities and debate for the formation of political will. As well, the commodification of the internet is inevitable. However, the traditional media have vast resources and established audiences. The resources include money, expertise, research materials, and photographs while the audience is often willing to accept what they publish. (Mayhew, 1997) Conclusion A public opinion can only be formed if there is existence of a public that engages in rational discussion. The public opinion is a critical authority that balances social and political power and publicity can manipulate it so as to support products, programs, people and institutions. However, there has been a deterioration of the public a phenomenon which is fuelled primarily by publicists (Thomson, 1995). A person’s individual point of view when solicited does not comprise the public sphere, since it include a process of opinion formation; for instance, a public opinion poll. Over the years, the notion of the public sphere has been used and linked to matters in media theory which include consumerism and commodification, culture and media ownership, surveillance and participative democracy, and desecration by public relations practitioners, virtual communities mapping, globalization and journalism in the future. The public sphere is still functional, although it is not and will not be the same. Its future lies within the digital media especially with the emergence of the internet phenomenon. (Thomson, 1995) References: Benson R. Neveu, E (2005): Introduction: Field Theory as a work in progress. Pp1-25 Thomson, J.B. (1995): Advertising, public relations, and the problem of strategic communication, Media and Modernity. Pp119-148 Mayhew, L.H. (1997): The new public. Pp 189-235. New York: Cambridge University Press Thomson, J.B. (1995): Media and the development of modern society, Media and Modernity. Pp 1-80 How to cite The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere, Essay examples

Dissertation for Escherichia Coli and Shigella - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDissertation for Escherichia Coli and Shigella Infections. Answer: Summary of Key Idea from Studies The myriad of benefits of breastfeeding are documented extensively in the literature. There are several beneficial factors of breast milk over formulae milk. The consumption of breast milk during first 6 months of life is a determining factor in infants normal health and immunity development. Breast milk is the principal source of passive immunity in infants. Via breast milk, Immunoglobulin A is transmitted into the blood stream of infants, and providing active protection from microbes from secretary fluids. The consumption of breast milk has also been shown to reduce the mortality rate among the new born babies. The breast milk also acts as an important source of vitamins and is easily digestible. Based on various factors discussed within the context of previous studies and the current paper, it is suggested that breast milk helps in imparting passive immunity to infants during their initial developmental period. It remains against this background that the current study is designed for effective exploration of breast milk immune factors against formulae fed milk. Apart of immunologic benefits, breastfeeding also helps the new born child to develop a connection with his or her mother via skin to skin contact happening during breast feeding. Summary of the Study Designs Used Limitations of Studies Reviewed The critical analysis helped the researcher in identifying the research limitation of the previous work and the choice of the research methodology. The literature review is lack of the support of the relevant literatures. The researcher has focused on the several immunological benefits of the breast milk over the formula milk. However, there are no significant indications of the allergic outcomes of the formulae ilk over breast milk. The researcher could not obtain more information from the literatures. There are different literatures available that the researcher could not access due to some issues. The comparison in between the breast milk and the formulae need the in depth support of the literatures. Implication of Studies Reviewed Clinical Implications Breastfeeding and Passive Immunity Breast milk is an important source for passive immunity that provided protection against several micro-organisms after birth. The most common kind of infection from which the newborn get shielded upon breastfeeding are gastrointestinal (GI) infections. Newborns, during first few months after birth are extremely susceptible to infection and therefore benefit greatly from passive immunity and probiotics obtained via breast milk. Passive immunity enables the newborn to temporarily acquire the mothers immunity and thereby gaining the ability to fight deadly infections such as Escherichia coli and Shigella. This temporary reinforcement allows the newborns immune system and GI tract to develop and mature into a functional and effective system. Such immune barriers are extremely crucial up to 6 months of age. By the end of sixth month, the infants are capable of sustaining an independent immunological defense system apart from the acquired immunity. On the other hand, the majority of the fo rmula-fed infants develop GI infections. This is due to the fact that, newborns gastrointestinal tract is not fully developed and bodys natural microbiota has not been strongly established within the intestines to fight against the invading bacteria. Moreover, the formula-fed infants lack probiotics which is exclusively found in breast milk, making them twice prone to bacteria infested stool when compared to breast-fed infants and hence, more susceptible for developing a normal flora disturbance (Ardeshir et al., 2014; Munblit et al., 2017). Breastfeeding and Immunoglobulin Breast milk is the most importance source of nutrients and antibodies during the first six months of life. The major immunoglobulins that are passed through breast milk include Lactobacillus bifidus, lysozymes, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, and transferrin. These immunoglobulins temporarily enhance an infants immune system and capacity to fight against the threatening foreign invaders. L. bifidus make up 90 to 95 percent of the gut flora found and is beneficial in preventing opportunist bacterial infection in the GI tract. Lactoperoxidase, the natural bactericidal, is secreted from the mothers mammary glands into the milk, while lysozymes provide innate immunity by destroying the bacterial cell wall lipoprotein. Lactoferrin on the other hand, is a multifunctional protein that serves aids in the development of immune protection in the secretory fluids within an infants body which include tears, saliva, and nasal secretions. These secretory fluids provide first line defense against for eign invaders and are therefore very practical in maintaining good health. Transferrin is a main transfer protein that binds to iron and carries it to various places throughout the body. Iron in turn binds to oxygen which enhances cell performance throughout an infants body thereby positively influencing growth, development, and immune system functionality. Immunoglobulin A is the one of the most important immunoglobulin that gets passively transferred through the breast milk. It allows infants to become less susceptible to allergies and foreign agents until the sixth month postpartum. However, research suggests that breast milks protection varies depending on the mothers allergies (Ardeshir et al., 2014; Munblit et al., 2017). Easily Digestible Breast milk is made up of protein (whey and casein), fat and lactose which are easily digested by a newborns underdeveloped GI tract whereas the components of formula are not. Formula takes longer to travel through the GI tract thereby increasing the occurrence of flatulence, vomiting, and constipation. Delay in digestion also makes the newborn susceptible to several allergic diseases (Maayan-Metzger et al., 2012). Formula milk contains foreign proteins, which are not readily absorbed in the infants underdeveloped GI tract. It is suggested that newborns are not able to absorb foreign proteins that are found in products such as milk because a newborns intestine is underdeveloped at birth. The absorption of these proteins requires the formulation of fatty calcium fatty acid soaps that are readily available in early life. The result of poor absorption at times results in the formation of hard stools or diarrhea, fool smelling stools, and GI discomfort. Increased flatulence presents as a ir bubbles within the GI tract that can be very distressing to the infant and therefore may cause a formula fed infant to cry more with frequent discomfort than a breast-fed infant. Vitamins Content Breast milk acts an important source of vitamins and nutrients. The important vitamin ingredient found in breast milk are vitamin A, D and E. iron, It also contains iron and other trace minerals (Ballard Morrow 2013). Thus, with breast-feeding, the nutritional intake required of a healthy growing newborn can be successfully met based on a supply and demand method. Scientific Implications Breastfeeding has been shown to prevent 13 % of deaths in children under five years of age who live in a low income country. Difficulty in keeping non-human milk products free from contamination is one of the major reasons behind high mortality rate among the infants in the developing countries in the 20th century. The use of unpurified water to prepare formula milk will lead to the breakdown of diarrhea like an epidemic. Such epidemic reflects the potential threats of formula milk on newborns health. Breast milk on the other hand is produced and stored within the breasts until the baby is ready to feed thereby, reducing the chance of infection and increasing the milks beneficial properties (Maayan-Metzger et a., 2012). Nursing Practices in Breastfeeding Breastfeeding has several benefits both for mother and baby according to the latest report published by the World Health Organization in 2012. The WHO states that breastfed infants receive optimal nutrition and are less prone to childhood sickness such as bacterial infection, bacterial disease such as pneumonia and other infected or allergic disease such as diarrhea, and diabetes. Breastfeeding is considered to be the most effective way to decrease risk of gastrointestinal infection in neonate. Breastfeeding is also known to decrease risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other forms of infant mortality. The benefits of breastfeeding are most profoundly experienced when the baby breastfeeds with skin-to-skin maternal and baby contact. Skin to skin contact results in the establishment of the stabilized body temperature. It also regulates the breath rate, heart rate, and blood sugar levels of infants and can familiarize the baby with moms bacteria which helps prevent allergic diseases (Maayan-Metzger et al., 2012). Breastfeeding enhances the relationship between a mother and her child by improving bonding. Once again, skin-to-skin contact that happens during breastfeeding improves the vital signs of the infants after birth. Many of the significant health benefits of breastfeeding is not related to the composition of human milk, but depends on the close contact between the mother and her baby during nursing. Breastfed babies have enhanced control on the amount of food they consume and the exact time of meal. This can be regarded as a part association between reduced obesity rates among the breastfed infants. References Ardeshir, A., Narayan, N. R., Mndez-Lagares, G., Lu, D., Rauch, M., Huang, Y., ... Hartigan-OConnor, D. J. (2014). Breast-fed and bottle-fed infant rhesus macaques develop distinct gut microbiotas and immune systems. Science translational medicine, 6(252), 252ra120-252ra120. Ballard, O., Morrow, A. L. (2013). Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 60(1), 49. Maayan-Metzger, A., Avivi, S., Schushan-Eisen, I., Kuint, J. (2012). Human milk versus formula feeding among preterm infants: short-term outcomes. American journal of perinatology, 29(02), 121-126. Munblit, D., Treneva, M., Peroni, D. G., Colicino, S., Chow, L. Y., Dissanayeke, S., ... Warner, J. O. (2017). Immune Components in Human Milk Are Associated with Early Infant Immunological Health Outcomes: A Prospective Three-Country Analysis. Nutrients, 9(6), 532.