Outline and illustrate two ways in which an action may be both self-interested and altruistic Essay Example for Free

Outline and illustrate two ways in which an action may be both self-interested and altruistic Essay Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping ot hers. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self  interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping ot hers. Another way in which and action can be both altruistic and self interested is aided by the concept that altruism may lead others to think more highly of you, which is in beneficial for you and makes you feel better about yourself, so is therefore also in your self interest. An example of this is giving to charity. This may give you positive feelings as you enjoy helping others and seeing that your own actions can benefit people other than yourself. Therefore you’re being altruistic and still acting in your self interest. This then illustrates that being altruistic coincides with your self interest as you get positive outcomes by helping others.

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay Considering the plan of an expansion of Carters Supermarkets, and the fact that the company will have to deal with greater number of staff, we, Alex and Jennifer Carter, intend to highlight the importance and to put forward our ideas about human resource planning and human resource policies in our organisation. Why to plan human resources? Since our organisation is at a stage of business expansion through opening 3 new supermarkets, four times bigger than existing ones, and with new specialist departments, it is obvious that we have a demand for new staff to meet the organisations objectives. Therefore, human resource planning (HRP) will help us to analyse and identify how many new people we require, when we need them, what range of skills we expect them to have, are these people available on the labour market or we need to train them to achieve our objectives. HRP will also look at such aspects as competition, impact of the location of our future supermarkets; audit of current workforce, and use this information to fit with companys goals. If we do not consider human resource planning, our business may consequently suffer as We may not create any new customers, We may lose faith of our existing ones by delivering unprofessional, poor service in our new departments; We risk to recruit wrong people; We may hire wrong number of people and affect our labour budgets. These factors will severely affect our business and we may, at the end, give up our position to our competitors. What will be the workforce requirements for each supermarket? The following measures will help us to identify the workforce requirements (Martin, 2009) We need to convert our business plans into future labour requirements. This means, we need to break down projected labour according to their functions in a supermarket, their different categories, skills and knowledge they will need. We need to create a profile of the existing workforce, which means we need to assess the number of the existing staff and their suitability for the future job positions. These measures will enable us to identify how many new people of which categories we will need to recruit for which positions, and what skills and knowledge they will have to possess. Coming to our project of expansion, we will take the following step-by-step approach to identify our workforce requirements: What is our objective? To open 3 new supermarkets four times larger than existing ones. Where will they be located? One in Tooting; One in Clapham Junction; One in Putney. What products will each supermarket offer? Dairy products Fruits Vegetables Canned and packaged products Household products Soft drinks section Frozen food section New departments: Fresh meat counter Fresh seafood counter Bakery What will be supermarkets opening hours? 8am to 10pm. How many people do we need? The staff will work in two shifts: 8 a.m. 3 p.m., and 3 p.m. 10 p.m. On each shift we would consider to have: 1 Butcher 1 Fishmonger 2 people to fill up shelves (one of which will also check out customers in busy times, or if the cashier needs five minutes break); 1 Cashier 2 people in the bakery Supervisor (who will be in charge for other shops as well). Total number of staff per shift: +8. What are the requirements for each category of staff? Requirements Qualities Butcher Fishmonger: Good knowledge of the products they sell (names, characteristics of the meat, etc.); Knowledge of different recipes and methods of cooking of meat; Good communication skills; Previous experience is preferable. Passionate about their jobs; Friendly; Able to show own initiative (by suggesting to customers different ways of cooking, for example); Confident. Cashier: (also the person who will look after shelves and assist customers) Knowledge of basic arithmetic; Skill in handling cash; Good communication skills; No previous experience required. Friendly; Helpful; Trustworthy; Thorough (able to rotate the products according to their shelf-life); Able to handle difficult situations. Baker: Prior work experience required. Passionate about their job; Able to work under pressure. Supervisor: Ability to manage team; Knowledge of marketing; Ability to coordinate orders and deliveries; Good eye for detail; Accountability for stock; Prior experience required. Passionate and dedicated; Friendly and approachable; Responsible; Multitask; Confident. What is our existing workforce profile? We have currently two existing shops with the total number of staff of 5 people, from which 3 sales persons (rotating between two shops Catherina Pacetti, Victoria Smith and Rashid Malik), 1 person in charge for stocks and deliveries for both shops (Alex Carter), and Jennifer Carter, responsible for all paper works. How will we plan our human resources? The diagram in the Appendix represents our suggested plan for staffing: Catherina, Victoria and Rashid will be transferred to new sites as Head Sales Assistants. Each will train other 2 newly-hired people for Sales person/Cashier positions. 2 new experienced sales staff will be recruited for our existing shops. We have to recruit 6 experienced Fishmongers and 6 Butchers for our new sites, as well as 2 Bakers for each of new supermarkets. As the volume of work will increase, Alex and Jennifer will need assistants. Therefore, we have the demand for 1 person to assist Jennifer in the office, and 1 Supervisor in charge of our existing shops, who will report to Alex Carter, Head Manager/Supervisor. Total number of staff to recruit: 28, of which 1 Assistant for Jennifer 1 Supervisor to report to Alex Carter 6 Butchers 6 Fishmongers 6 Bakers 8 Sales/Cashier people. How human resource planning will contribute to organisations objectives? Provided that we: Regard people as a source of competitive advantage Plan human resources carefully Recruit right people for the right positions Give necessary training to our staff Respect the needs of our employees and treat them fairly Appraise their contribution by giving feedback or reward We can achieve a healthy organisational culture. This strategy will ensure that our employees are satisfied about their jobs, provide high quality customer service, are committed and motivated to achieve our organisational targets. Overall, our human resource planning strategy will contribute to our companys objectives for becoming a strong competitor for other grocery supermarkets, and thriving by making good profits. Why should we have human resource policies in our organisation? We should have HR policies for the following reasons: It would show the compliance of our organisation with law; A clear relationship between our organisation and our employees would be established; Employees would know their rights and what to expect from us; There would be a solid base for all employees to be treated equally; A distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour would be drawn; All procedures and processes of employment would be clearly defined; HR policies would create our organisational culture: such policies as recruitment, retention, pay, holidays, reward, would show how we value our employees; If we have HR policies, we will be prepared to take actions if some difficult situations arise, and resolve problems according to the legislation. All the above create a legal framework within which Human Resource operates and develops a good practice. What will be the impact of employment legislation on human resource policies in our organisation? When designing our organisations HR policies, we need to take account of the existing law and employment regulations that apply to us. Different aspects of HRM, such as employment rights and responsibilities, contractual term and conditions, data protection, pay, health and safety, discrimination issues, are already covered by the legislation. Thus, we need to design HR policies that would meet our organisations objectives and reflect existing human resources laws. The following are the examples of regulations, which our HR policies and procedures will be based upon: Employment Right Act 1996 Health and safety at Work Act 1974 National Minimum Wage Act 1998 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Race Relations Act 1976, and others. These primary legislation documents will help us to shape our HRM policies and practices such as Recruitment strategy and practice, selection techniques, retention; Pay and benefits (pay systems, holidays, pension arrangements, sickness and sick pay, maternity rights and benefits); Equal opportunities (sex, race, disability discriminations); Training and development (induction and mandatory training, appraisal and performance management); Employee relations (disciplinary, grievance and dispute procedures); Redundancy and reorganisation (handling redundancies, reorganisation and managing internal change); Health and safety and risk management (the enforcement and management of health and safety at work). CONCLUSION To conclude, if we are to expand our business even further, satisfy our customers needs and make good profits, we have to practice strategic human resource planning and implement HR policies and systems. We believe this will enable us to have right, dedicated and motivated employees that will provide excellent customer service and contribute to meeting our companys overall objectives.

Physical Activity and Body Weight vs Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseas

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common and well known afflictions in modern society. It kills and hospitalizes many people every year. CVD is actually a rather broad category of affliction. It encompasses any disease or condition that affects the heart. These conditions have effects that range from mild to surgical repair and even to death in extreme cases. The causes of CVD are fairly well known. It is directly linked to both physical activity (and the obesity that it prevents) and body mass index (BMI) in the research that we have studied. The BMI is a measure of the proportion of the body that is made up of fat. The higher a person's BMI number is, the more body fat they have. The combination of these two conditions creates a persons risk for CVD. The problem lies in the fact that the exact reasons that these factors create risk of CVD and how much risk they create is not fully understood. It is well known that obesity and physical activity play large roles in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity has become even more significant since obesity is on the rise in the United States. Obesity is strongly associated with physical activity, meaning that people who exercise will also lose weight as well as increase their physical fitness. However there are many people who remain obese even with strong levels of physical activity. This sets up the question of what roles weight and physical activity have on lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease independently. Recent studies have shown that increasing physical fitness reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease regardless of body weight, and that increasing physical activity reduces the risk more that losing weight alone. T... ... way, the benefits of being fit were found not to totally alleviate the risk of being fat or that being slender totally alleviated the health risks of being unfit. From this it is clear that the best way to avoid both all-cause and cardiovascular disease death is to be both fit and have a normal body weight. Works Cited: Stevens, June, et al. "Fitness and Fatness as Predictors of Mortality from All Causes and from Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women in the Lipid Research Clinics Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 19 June 2002: 832-41. Oxford Journals. 7 Nov. 2006 . Weinstein, Amy R., and Howard D. Sesso. "Joint Effects of Physical Activity and Body Weight on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Vol.34 2006: 10-15. American College of Sports Medicine.

Existence Of Man :: essays research papers

Existence of Man For centuries man has grappled with the riddle of what it means to be a person. But the questions Who is man? and What is the meaning of life? are still unanswered. Yet, while man is still a long way from arriving at any acceptable definitions, there is deep within everyone the hint of an idea of what it means to be a whole person, that is happy, functioning and fulfilled. So, throughout history man has made a continuous search to find out what makes him whole. Every person is different so the special situation in which one person finds fulfillment can't work for everyone. But in the lives of those who have found fulfillment there is a universal pattern. The universal pattern is that those who have found fulfillment have had a willingness to accept change and take risks. Conversely, those who have not found wholeness are characterized by an unconquerable desire to be safe, to be out of danger and to avoid risk. The first step in the search for identity is to answer the question, How do you see yourself? In the play No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre Estelle loses sight of her identity. She says "When I can't see myself, I begin to wonder if I really and truly exist." What a man sees himself as in the mirror largely determines his actions during the day. Estelle had to look into the "mirror" of men to confirm her identity. A man is the number one determining factor in discovering who he is. Each individual must understand that he is responsible for his own pain, misery, unhappiness, or for his own joy. Man is not a product of what people have done or are now doing to us. Man has the power to become whatever he wants to be; to feel as much love or anger or joy as we want to feel. Another subsequent factor in determining our identity is the image, name, or label given to us by society. In other words, what we believe other people think of us. Most people participate in many groups friends, school, family, jobs, clubs, churches and more each contributing to our identity. We have to accept the death of the superman who is alone needing no one, inner directed and indifferent to his surroundings. We see in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment that when Raskolnkov separates himself from humanity by committing murder that he could not survive. A person needs to understand that they are responsible for their own choices but they cannot discount the fact that there

“Visiting Hour” by Norman Maccaig

Rewrite – â€Å"Visiting Hour† The poem â€Å"Visiting Hour† was written by the Scottish poet Norman MacCaig. In the poem, MacCaig shows the central idea is loss and death. This central idea is achieved through the use of various techniques such as imagery, structure and narrative stance. The poem is about a visit MacCain makes to a dying relative in a hospital. Throughout the poem, MacCaig gives his thoughts and feeling to how he fails to cope with the situation. The poet also uses enjambment, metaphor and imagery at the beginning of the poem when MacCaig hints at the central idea. Vanishes heavenward†, with the use of enjambment the poet introduces the idea of death. The quotation emphases the theme of death and how MacCaig may not be able to speak to his loved one again. With the use of a metaphor and imagery, as the lift physically rises up, the mood of depression associates the journey to heaven. The â€Å"corpse† represents death. The person he is visiting could easily be a corpse. The poet is occupied of images of death and sees the patient in a negative way. Though not mentioning the word death, his mind automatically makes this assumption.At this point the reader just assumes the central idea is death. Repetition is used as the poet emphasises the central concern of his loved one but also of his admiration of the nurses. â€Å"So many deaths†¦. so many farewells† emphasises how â€Å"miraculous† the nurses seem to him and they are not overwhelmed by the emotion of grief unlike him. MacCaig uses structure as he first mentions the patient, â€Å"Ward 7. She lies†. The four word line immediately links the woman with the hospital. The non-sentence â€Å"Ward 7†³ draws attention to the reality of the situation the poet is in. In a white cave of forgetfulness†, though suggesting a white curtain around the bed, it creates the impression of emptiness. The vivid colours of â€Å"green and yellow† are not present. This suggests the patient's life slipping away and a fear from MacCaig that they will not remember him. A Metaphor is used once again as the poet recognises that while he can physically touch the patient, she is dying and he is alive. â€Å"And between her and me distance shrinks till there is none left but the distance of pain that neither she nor I can cross†, he has entered the hospital, found her ward and reached her bedside but cannot â€Å"touch† her.The central idea is made clear to the reader in the last stanza where the poet writes, â€Å"books the will not be read†. MacCaig notices the uselessness of the gifts brought for the patient. The patient's inability to eat the fruit or read the books reveals their lack of life. In conclusion, the poet achieves the central idea of death and loss by the use of metaphor, imagery, enjambment and structure. By using all of those techniques made the central idea is clear.